Context
The Gender Inequality Index 2022 has recently been released within the Human Development Report 2023/2024 by the UNDP.
About
- Gender Inequality Index (GII) is a composite metric of gender inequality the usage of three dimensions:
- reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market.
- A low GII cost indicates low inequality among men and women, and vice-versa.
Key Findings
- Denmark topped the index followed by Norway,Switzerland and Sweden.
- India has registered a significant leap of 14 ranks in Gender Inequality Index 2022.
- It ranked 108 out of 193 countries with a rating of 0.437 in GII 2022.
- In 2022, India saw improvements across all HDI indicators – life expectancy, education, and gross national income (GNI) per capita and life expectancy rose from 67.2 to 67.7 years, expected years of schooling reached 12.6, mean years of schooling improved to 6.57 and GNI per capita saw an growth from USD 6,542 to USD 6,951.
India’s Progressive Improvement
- Over the remaining 10 years, India’s rank in GII has become consistently better, indicating revolutionary development in attaining gender equality in the country.
- India’s adolescent start charge in 2022 was 16.3 (births per 1,000 women a long time 15-19), an improvement from 17.1 in 2021.
- However, the country still has one of the biggest gender gaps in its labour force participation rate — a 47.8% difference among women (28.3%) and men (76.1%).
Major initiatives assisting India in development
- Code on Social Security, 2020: Provisions for women’s social security across various aspects.
- Mission Shakti: Self-help assignment for empowering women by merchandising of Women Self Help Groups (WSHGs) to absorb numerous socio-monetary sports.
- Others: Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP), Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana, Ujjwala Yojana, reservations and legislative guidelines and many others.
Human Development Index (HDI)
- India’s Human Development Index (HDI) value has also elevated to 0.644 in 2022, putting the country on the 134th spot out of 193 countries and territories.
- This improvement comes after a drop in HDI cost in 2021 and a flat trend during the last few years.
- Since 1990, India has made notable improvements in human development, with increases in lifestyles expectancy, anticipated years of training, suggest years of training, and per-capita Gross National Income (GNI).
Source: The Hindu
UPSC Mains Practice Questions
What are the main factors responsible for gender inequality in India? Discuss the contribution of Savitribai Phule in this regard. (2020)
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