Prelims Focus- 4th October 2023

1.Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF)

In News: The price of Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) or jet fuel was raised by 5% recently. 

• • Aviation turbine fuel (ATF), also known as Jet Fuel is a special type of petroleum based fuel. 
  • The fuel is colorless and straw-like in appearance. 
  • ATF is used to power aircraft with jet and turbo-prop engines. 
  • Most of the commercial aviation companies use Jet A and Jet A-1 fuel as fuel.

• Types of ATF

• • Jet A-1 and Jet A turbine are the two major categories of fuel used in civil commercial aviation. 
  • Other aviation fuels include military jet fuels, primarily JP-4, JP-5, and JP-8, all are kerosene type fuels.

2.Kármán Line

In News: Kármán Line is a boundary that plays an important role in science because it helps differentiate and define things that might otherwise blend together.

• Kármán Line is located at 100 km above sea level and it is an imaginary line that demarcates the earth’s atmosphere from space.
• Though not all scientists accept it, a majority of countries and space organizations accept this line as the boundary between earth sky and space.
• The line was established in the 1960s by a record-keeping body called Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). 
• Within a short distance on either side of the line, there is no such difference in the pressure or the composition of air. 
• The earth’s gravity continues to exert its pull here.
• Even the earth’s atmosphere doesn’t end here.

3.Bihar Caste Survey

In News: The Bihar government has recently released the results of its Caste Survey in the state.

• Total Population: The population of Bihar, according to the survey, is 13,07,25,310, compared to the 10.41 crore recorded in the 2011 census.
• Hindus account 81.99% of the population, and Muslims 17.72%. 
• The populations of Buddhists, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, and other religious denominations are minuscule.
• Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and Extremely Backward Classes (EBCs) are more than 63% of the population of Bihar.
• The EBCs are the biggest social group with 36.01% of the state’s population.
• The OBCs are 27.12%, and the Scheduled Castes (SCs) are 19.65%.
• Scheduled Tribes are 1.68%, the number of the tribal population having become part of Jharkhand after the bifurcation of the state in 2000. 
• The “unreserved” category comprises 15.52% of the total population of Bihar.

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