World’s first brain implant to control epileptic seizures

Context

A UK-based teenager, Oran Knowlson, has recently become the first person in the world to be fitted with a brain implant to help bring his epileptic seizures under control.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

• The device makes use of DBS, which is likewise utilized for motion disorders related to Parkinson’s, and different neurological conditions.
• The tool, which sends electric indicators deep into the brain, has reduced Knowlson’s daylight seizures by 80%.

How does the tool work?

• The neurostimulator delivers regular electric impulses to the brain to disrupt or block peculiar seizure-inflicting signals.
• The device was surgically implanted in Knowlson’s skull and anchored the usage of screws.
• The tool was switched on after Knowlson recovered from his surgical procedure. It can be recharged by a wireless headphone.

What is Epilepsy?

• Epilepsy, a condition that leads to routine seizures, sees a person revel in jerking of legs and arms, temporary confusion, staring spells, or stiff muscular tissues.
• It is because of unusual electric interest inside the mind.
• Cause: The sickness has no identifiable motive in nearly 50% of the cases. However, head trauma, tumors inside the mind, a few infections like meningitis, or maybe genetics can cause epilepsy. 
• Impact: It can increase the danger of accidents, drownings, and falling.

Prevalence 

• Around 50 million people globally have epilepsy and almost 80% of people with epilepsy live in low- and middle-income countries. 
• According to a Lancet report, 2022, In India, among 3 and 11.9 per 1,000 humans suffer from epilepsy.

WHO Response

• The first international document on epilepsy produced in 2019 by WHO, Epilepsy: A public health imperative, highlighted the available evidence on the burden of epilepsy and the public health reaction required.
• The 75th World Health Assembly adopted the Intersectoral worldwide motion plan on epilepsy and different neurological disorders 2022–2031, which recognizes the shared preventive, pharmacological and psychosocial approaches between epilepsy and other neurological issues.

Source: The Indian Express

Download as PDF