Prelims Focus 10th August 2024

International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples

In News: 

The International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples is observed on August 9 every year.

• The day aws selected in recognition of the primary assembly of the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations held in Geneva in 1982.
• The  day recognises the precise cultures, languages, and traditions of Indigenous peoples, as well as their contributions to global range and sustainable development.
• Moreover, the day serves as a call to movement for governments, businesses, and people to uphold the rights of indigenous peoples, promote their empowerment, and work in the direction of attaining justice, equality, and reconciliation.

Lower Coffee Production in India

In News: The Coffee Board of India hinted that coffee production for 2024-25 may be significantly lower.

• India will become the world’s 8th largest coffee grower at some point of 2022-2023.
• Indian coffee is one of the best coffees in the world owing to its high quality and pertains to being premium in the international markets. India produces two types of coffee: Arabica and Robusta. 
• Karnataka money owed for 70% of the united states of america’s total coffee manufacturing, at the same time as Kerala is the second one-largest manufacturer with a contribution of 23%.
• Tamil Nadu is the third biggest manufacturer with 5% of India’s overall coffee production. 
• Climatic Conditions: Coffee plant life thrives in temperatures ranging from 15°C to 24°C. Extreme temperatures outside this variety can adversely have an effect on increase and yield.
  • India cultivates all of its coffee underneath a nicely-described two-tier blended coloration canopy, comprising evergreen leguminous trees.
  • Shade trees prevent soil erosion on a sloping terrain; they improve the soil by recycling vitamins from deeper layers, defend the coffee plant from seasonal fluctuations in temperature, and play host to diverse flowers and fauna.

Tri-boelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) Technology

In News: IIT Indore has developed innovative footwear for the armed forces, incorporating Tribo-Electric Nanogenerator (TENG) technology to generate electricity from human movement.

• • Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent a cutting-edge technology that harnesses mechanical energy from the environment and converts it into electrical energy using the triboelectric effect. 
  • Since their introduction in 2012 by Zhong Lin Wang and his team, TENGs have gained significant attention for their potential applications in energy harvesting, wearable electronics, and self-powered devices. 

• Principles of TENG Technology

• • TENGs operate based on the triboelectric effect, which occurs when two different materials come into contact and then separate, causing a transfer of charge between them. This charge transfer generates an electric potential difference, which can be harnessed to produce electrical energy. TENGs can be classified into several operational modes:
  • Vertical Contact-Separation Mode: This mode involves two materials making and breaking contact in a vertical motion, generating electricity during the separation phase.
  • In-Plane Sliding Mode: In this mode, one material slides over another, allowing for continuous charge generation as long as there is relative motion between the two surfaces.
  • Single-Electrode Mode: This mode utilizes a single electrode to generate electricity through contact electrification with an external object, making it suitable for applications like fingertip-driven devices.

Dudhwa Tiger Reserve

In News: A 45-year-old man was recently killed by a herd of elephants after entering the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve (DTR) forest to collect wild mushrooms.

• Dudhwa Tiger Reserve, located in the Terai region of Uttar Pradesh, India, spans approximately 1,284 square kilometers and encompasses Dudhwa National Park, Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary, and Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary. 
• Established in 1977 and designated as a tiger reserve in 1987, Dudhwa is renowned for its rich biodiversity, including a significant population of Bengal tigers, Indian rhinoceroses, and various species of birds and mammals.
• The tragic death of the 45-year-old man in Dudhwa Tiger Reserve serves as a stark reminder of the complexities of human-wildlife interactions and the challenges faced in conservation efforts.
  • It highlights the urgent need for effective strategies to mitigate human-wildlife conflict while respecting the cultural practices of local communities.

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