Mains Focus – 12th April 2025

Question

Q. Winning of ‘Hearts and Minds’ in terrorism-affected areas is an essential step in restoring the trust of the population. Discuss the measures adopted by the Government in this respect as part of the conflict resolution in Jammu and Kashmir. [10 Marks, GS Paper 2, 2023]

Answer

In conflict-ridden regions like Jammu and Kashmir, the challenge is not only to contain terrorism but also to restore trust and confidence among the local population. The strategy of winning ‘hearts and minds’ is integral to conflict resolution and long-term peacebuilding.

Government Measures for Confidence Building

1. Civic Action Programs (CAPs):
   The Indian Army and Central Armed Police Forces conduct CAPs to build rapport with locals. Activities include free medical camps, infrastructure support, youth engagement programs, and educational assistance.
2. Operation Sadbhavana:
   Launched by the Indian Army, this initiative focuses on community development through the construction of schools, health centers, and provision of vocational training to youth.
3. Educational and Employment Schemes:
   Special scholarship schemes like PMSSS (Prime Minister’s Special Scholarship Scheme) and skill development programs such as HIMAYAT and UDAAN have aimed at integrating youth into the national mainstream through education and jobs.
4. Rehabilitation and Surrender Policy:
   The J&K government introduced surrender and rehabilitation policies for militants willing to renounce violence, offering financial incentives, vocational training, and psychological counseling.
5. Enhanced Communication and Outreach:
   Efforts such as regular public interactions by senior security officers, village-level grievance redressal, and promotion of cultural programs have helped rebuild trust.

Conclusion

Conflict resolution in Jammu and Kashmir requires a blend of security measures and developmental outreach. Winning the hearts and minds of the people not only disrupts the recruitment base for terrorism but also creates an environment of trust, essential for long-term peace. The government’s multi-dimensional approach reflects its commitment to inclusive development and national integration in the region.

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