Context
The government has set an ambitious goal of reaching 100 GW nuclear energy potential by 2047, aligning with the objectives of Viksit Bharat to ensure energy security, sustainability, and decreased dependency on fossil fuels.
Key Highlights of the Nuclear Energy Mission
- Capacity Target: a hundred GW by 2047 (Current ability: eight GW).
- Small Modular Reactors (SMRs): ₹20,000 crore allocation for R&D and indigenous SMR development.
- Goal: 5 operational SMRs by 2033.
- Private Sector Participation: Proposed amendments to key law:
- Atomic Energy Act, 1962 – Framework for nuclear energy improvement and regulation.
- Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010 – Ensuring reimbursement mechanisms for nuclear incidents.
- Capacity Expansion: 10 new reactors (totaling 8 GW) under creation throughout Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh.
- Approval for a 6×1208 MW nuclear plant in Andhra Pradesh in collaboration with the USA.
- Nuclear Partnerships: Collaboration with the personal area to expand Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs) and Bharat Small Modular Reactors (BSMRs).
Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs) & Bharat Small Modular Reactors (BSMRs)
The government is advancing nuclear power enlargement through BSRs and BSMRs, ensuring a scalable and efficient electricity supply for industries and remote regions.
- Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs)
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- 220 MW Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) with a strong security and operational track record.
- Designed for reduced land necessities, making them suitable for business hubs (e.g., steel, aluminum, and metals) to be a useful resource in decarbonization efforts.
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- Public-Private Collaboration:
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- The private sector presents land, cooling water, and capital.
- Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) manages design, first-class assurance, and operations.
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- Bharat Small Modular Reactors (BSMRs)
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- Definition: Advanced nuclear reactors with an energy capability of up to 300 MW(e) per unit.
- Modular Construction: Factory-fabricated additives for quicker deployment.
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- Applications:
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- Coal plant repurposing
- Off-grid energy generation
- Grid balance with renewables
- Hydrogen co-generation (high-temperature gas-cooled reactors)
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Government Initiatives for Nuclear Expansion
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- India’s nuclear roadmap includes a couple of initiatives to scale up nuclear capacity, enhance R&D, and integrate superior reactor technology.
- Planned Expansion: Increase nuclear potential from 8,180 MW to 22,480 MW by 2031-32.
- New Projects: 10 additional reactors in pre-undertaking levels, aiming for completion by 2031-32.
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- Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) Development: Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) – 500 MW completed important milestones in 2024, paving the way for India’s closed nuclear fuel cycle strategy.
- New Uranium Discovery: Extended the life of Jaduguda Mines through 50+ years.
- Public-Private Collaboration: NPCIL & NTPC shaped the ASHVINI JV to broaden nuclear power plants under current regulatory frameworks.
Safety, Sustainability & Global Commitments
- Safety Standards: Indian nuclear energy plants adhere to stringent protection measures, with radiation degrees well under international benchmarks.
- International Commitments: India aligns with COP26 goals to obtain 500 GW non-fossil gasoline-based strength by 2030 and satisfy its Paris Agreement responsibilities.
- Thorium Utilization: R&D on Molten Salt Reactors to leverage India’s abundant thorium reserves for long-term energy security.
Conclusion
- The Union Budget 2025-26 underscores India’s dedication to a nuclear-powered future, decreasing carbon emissions and securing electricity reliability.
- The Nuclear Energy Mission for Viksit Bharat positions India as a global leader in superior nuclear technology, with a strategic push near indigenous innovation, public-private partnerships, and regulatory reforms.
- With robust coverage help and technological advancements, India’s nuclear sector is poised for unparalleled increase, solidifying its function in a smooth energy-driven future.
Source: The PIB
UPSC Mains Practice Question
Q. With growing energy needs should India keep on expanding its nuclear energy programme? Discuss the facts and fears associated with nuclear energy. (2018)
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