Energy Statistics India 2025

Context

Recently, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has unveiled its annual e-book, ‘Energy Statistics India 2025’, by the National Statistics Office (NSO).

Key Highlights

• Total Energy Supply and Demand:

• • • Supply: Approximately 1,800 Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent (MToE), reflecting an annual growth of 4.5% compared to 2024.
    • Demand: It is driven in general by commercial growth (40%), transportation (25%), and residential intake (20%).

• Energy Mix (Sources and Shares):

• • Coal: 48%
  • Oil: 28%
  • Natural Gas: 8%
  • Renewables (Solar, Wind, Hydro, Biomass): 12%
  • Nuclear: 4%

Fossil Fuel Reserves and Production

• Coal Reserves and Production: The distribution of coal reserves in India is concentrated in some states like Odisha (25.47%), Jharkhand (23.58%), Chhattisgarh (21.23%), West Bengal (8.72%) and Madhya Pradesh (8.43%).
  • These states account for about 85% of the overall coal reserves in India.
  • Total anticipated reserves of lignite as on 01-04-2024 stood at 47.30 billion tonnes. The maximum reserves of lignite are positioned in the country of Tamil Nadu (79%).
  • Annual coal manufacturing: 950 million tonnes, meeting 85% of domestic demand.
  • India remains the second-largest coal producer globally, after China.
• Crude Oil: Geographically, the most crude oil reserves in India are concentrated within the Western Offshore vicinity (32% of the overall crude oil reserves). It is observed by the Assam region (22% of the country’s crude oil reserves).
• Natural Gas Reserves: Largest reserves of natural gasoline in India are placed in the Western Offshore area (about 31% of the whole natural gas reserves). It is followed through the Eastern Offshore (approx 24% of the reserves).

Renewable Energy Growth

• • Potentials: Wind energy dominates proportion (around 55%), accompanied by Solar Energy and Large Hydro.
  • Geographical Distribution of Renewable Energy Potential: More than half of the potential for generation of renewable energy has been concentrated in the 4 States of India viz. Rajasthan (20.3%), Maharashtra (11.8%), Gujarat (10.5%) and Karnataka (9.8%).
    • Source clever expected capability of renewable energy in india
  • Solar and Wind energy Expansion: The National Solar Mission and Wind Energy Development Programme have performed a critical role in accomplishing these milestones:
  • Solar energy Capacity: 175 GW (up from 150 GW in 2024)
  • Wind energy Capacity: 50 GW (up from 45 GW in 2024)

• Hydro and Biomass Energy:

• • • Hydropower: 52 GW, supplying 12% of total energy generation.
    • Biomass and Waste-to-Energy: 15 GW, contributing to sustainable energy practices in rural regions.

• Electricity Generation and Consumption Trends:

• • Installed Capacity and Generation: India’s total installed power generation capability stands at 450 GW, an increase from 420 GW in 2024.
  • Total power generation: 1,700 TWh (terawatt-hours).
  • Per capita energy consumption: 1,500 kWh per year, reflecting financial growth and urbanization.

Energy Efficiency and Sustainability Measures

• Government Policies and Initiatives:

• • • National Hydrogen Mission: Promoting Green Hydrogen production for commercial use.
    • Perform, Achieve, and Trade (PAT) Scheme: Encouraging industries to undertake energy-efficient technology.
    • Faster Adoption of Electric Vehicles (FAME-III): Boosting EV sales and charging infrastructure.

• Carbon Emissions and Climate Targets:

• • India’s carbon emissions in 2025 are projected at 2.9 billion tonnes CO₂, a 4% decline due to elevated renewable energy utilization.
  • Commitment to net-zero emissions by 2070 remains an extended-term goal.

Future Outlook

• Future Energy Projections (2026-2030):

• • Renewable electricity share is expected to reach 25% by 2030.
  • Energy demand will maintain growing at 5% annually, driven through financial enlargement.

Challenges Ahead

• Dependence on Fossil Fuels: India still relies closely on coal and imported crude oil.
• Energy Security Risks: Geopolitical uncertainties have an effect on oil and fuel imports.
• Infrastructure Bottlenecks: Need for grid modernization and storage solutions for renewables.

Source: The MoSPI

UPSC Mains Practice Question

Q. The question of India’s Energy Security constitutes the most important part of India’s economic progress. Analyse India’s energy policy cooperation with West Asian countries. (2017)

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