Chandipura Virus in Gujarat: A Deadly Outbreak

Context

The Chandipura virus has recently caused significant concern in Gujarat, with six children succumbing to the infection. This arbovirus, a member of the Vesiculovirus genus of the Rhabdoviridae family, is primarily transmitted through phlebotomine sandflies, ticks, and mosquitoes. The virus has a high mortality rate, making early detection and treatment crucial.

Symptoms of Chandipura Virus

The symptoms of Chandipura virus infection are severe and often fatal. They typically include:

• Fever: A sudden onset of high-grade fever is the most common symptom.
• Flu-like Symptoms: Symptoms similar to those of the flu, such as body aches and headaches.
• Diarrhea: Frequent loose stools.
• Vomiting: Repeated episodes of vomiting.
• Seizures: Convulsions and seizures.
• Altered Sensorium: Changes in mental status, including confusion and disorientation.

Transmission and Epidemiology

• Chandipura virus is transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies. 
• The virus is endemic in India, with outbreaks reported mainly in the country. 
• The epidemiology of the virus is not fully understood, but it has been identified in several regions, including Gujarat.

Recent Outbreak in Gujarat

• The recent outbreak in Gujarat has been particularly severe, with six children dying from the infection. 
• The virus has been reported in multiple districts, including Sabarkantha, Aravalli, Mahisagar, Kheda, Mehsana, and Rajkot. 
• Additionally, cases have been reported from neighboring states like Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.

Surveillance and Treatment Efforts

• The Gujarat Health Department has undertaken intensive surveillance of the affected districts. 
• A special advisory has been issued to community health centers, sub-district hospitals, and medical colleges to treat suspected cases with certain symptoms, including Chandipura virus cases. 
• Over 44,000 people have been screened at 8,600 houses from across 26 residential zones as a precautionary measure.

Mortality Rate and Treatment Challenges

• The mortality rate associated with Chandipura virus infection is high, making it difficult for patients to survive if there is a delay in getting treatment. 
• Pediatrician Rajesh Maheshwari noted that the mortality rate is almost 50% if the patient goes into a coma. 
• Health Minister Rushikesh Patel emphasized that the disease is difficult to control once it spreads, highlighting the importance of preventive measures.

Prevention Strategies

Preventive measures to control the spread of Chandipura virus include:

• Spraying of Pesticides: Insecticide sprays can help eliminate the vector, particularly in rural areas.
• Proper Sanitation: Maintaining proper sanitation and hygiene practices can reduce the risk of infection.
• Fumigation of Livestock: Fumigation of livestock can help prevent the virus from spreading.

Public Health Strategies

Public health strategies to combat the spread of Chandipura virus include:

• Insect Repellents: Using insect repellents and bed nets can protect individuals from mosquito bites.
• Awareness Campaigns: Raising awareness about the risks and symptoms of the disease is crucial to prevent its spread.
• Increased Surveillance: Increased surveillance and reporting can help in early detection and containment of outbreaks.

Conclusion

The Chandipura virus outbreak in Gujarat has highlighted the need for immediate and effective measures to prevent its spread. The high mortality rate associated with the disease underscores the importance of early detection and treatment. Public health strategies, such as insecticide sprays, proper sanitation, and awareness campaigns, can help mitigate the impact of this deadly virus.

Source: The Indian Express

UPSC Prelims Practice Question

Q. Which of the following statements about Chandipura virus is/are correct?

1. It is a member of the Vesiculovirus genus from the family Rhabdoviridae
2. It is primarily transmitted by ticks and mosquitoes
3. It causes fever, flu-like symptoms, seizures and encephalitis
4. There is a specific antiviral treatment available for Chandipura virus infection

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

a) 1 and 2 only

b) 1, 2 and 3 only

c) 1 and 3 only

d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans – “c”

Explanation:

• Chandipura virus is classified as a member of the Vesiculovirus genus from the family Rhabdoviridae.
• It is primarily transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies.
• The Chandipura virus causes fever, flu-like symptoms, seizures, diarrhea, vomiting and acute encephalitis.
• There is no specific antiviral treatment available for Chandipura virus infection. Treatment aims at protecting the neurons and preventing complications.

Therefore, statements 1 and 3 are correct, while 2 and 4 are incorrect.

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